Research

About Research

Here are a few directions you might mean:

1. General Overview

  • What is research?

  • Types of research (basic, applied, qualitative, quantitative)

  • Scientific method

  • Importance of research in society

2. Academic Research

  • How to conduct academic research

  • Research paper structure (Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, etc.)

  • Citation styles (APA, MLA, IEEE, etc.)

3. Industrial/Corporate R&D

  • What is R&D (Research and Development)?

  • Research in industries like pharmaceuticals, AI, manufacturing, etc.

  • Innovation vs. invention

4. How to Start Your Own Research

  • Choosing a topic

  • Writing a research proposal

  • Finding funding or grants

  • Collaborating with institutions or universities

5. Country- or Field-Specific Research

  • Research trends in India / US / EU

  • Top research institutions

  • Hot topics in fields like AI, nanotech, climate science, etc.

Write content for international institute of quality about quality research?

Advancing Excellence Through Scientific Inquiry and Innovation

At the International Institute of Quality (IIQ), quality is not just a standard — it is a discipline, a science, and a strategic pursuit. Our commitment to Quality Research is grounded in a mission to develop, validate, and disseminate cutting-edge methodologies that drive excellence across industries, institutions, and societies.


What is Quality Research?

Quality Research is the systematic investigation into principles, practices, tools, and frameworks that enhance quality performance across sectors. It spans a wide range of domains including:

  • Quality Management Systems (QMS)

  • Total Quality Management (TQM)

  • Six Sigma and Lean Methodologies

  • Risk and Compliance Management

  • Process Improvement and Standardization

  • Customer Experience and Satisfaction Metrics

  • Sustainable and Resilient Quality Models

Our research integrates both theoretical models and practical applications, ensuring that outcomes are not only academically robust but also actionable in real-world scenarios.


Key Focus Areas

  • Innovation in Quality Standards: Redefining benchmarks in ISO, ASQ, EFQM, and industry-specific quality models.

  • Data-Driven Quality Intelligence: Leveraging AI, machine learning, and data analytics for predictive and adaptive quality systems.

  • Global Benchmarking: Conducting comparative studies across countries, industries, and institutions to establish global best practices.

  • Sustainability and Quality: Integrating quality with ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) goals to ensure long-term organizational value.

  • Quality in Education, Healthcare, and Public Services: Researching quality outcomes that impact lives directly and significantly.


Our Research Ecosystem

The IIQ’s global network of researchers, practitioners, industry experts, and academic collaborators forms a vibrant ecosystem of continuous innovation. Our work is disseminated through:

  • 🧪 Peer-reviewed publications

  • 🌐 International conferences and symposia

  • 🏛 Collaborative research with universities and industries

  • 📊 Applied research projects and case studies

We maintain rigorous ethical standards, follow open research principles, and support capacity-building for quality researchers worldwide.


Impact of Our Research

  • 📈 Enhanced operational excellence in Fortune 500 and SME sectors

  • 🏆 Policy influence on national and international quality frameworks

  • 📚 Contribution to global academic literature on quality science

  • 🤝 Support for startups and innovation hubs in achieving quality maturity

  • 🌍 Strengthening of global quality culture across borders


Join Us in Advancing Quality Knowledge

At IIQ, we believe that quality is a moving target, and research is the compass. We invite academics, industry leaders, quality professionals, and students to collaborate with us in shaping the future of global quality excellence.

🔗 Partner with us. Research with us. Transform with us.

Write content for international institute of quality control research?

Pioneering Precision, Performance, and Progress

The International Institute of Quality Control Research (IIQCR) is a global center of excellence dedicated to the advancement of scientific research in quality control systems, standards, methodologies, and technologies. Our mission is to empower industries, governments, and academic institutions with the knowledge and tools necessary to achieve precision-driven quality outcomes.


🔍 Our Vision

To be the world’s leading research institute in the field of quality control science, driving innovation, standardization, and continuous improvement across global value chains.


📘 What We Do

IIQCR conducts high-impact, cross-disciplinary research focused on the theory, practice, and evolution of quality control across manufacturing, healthcare, infrastructure, energy, aviation, food safety, and more. Our work bridges the gap between traditional quality control methods and modern, data-driven solutions.


🧪 Core Research Domains

  • Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
    Designing, testing, and improving control charts, sampling methods, and process capability analysis.

  • Process Control & Automation
    Integration of AI, machine learning, and IoT for real-time monitoring and adaptive quality systems.

  • Standards-Based Research
    Advancing and harmonizing global standards such as ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17025, IATF 16949, AS9100, etc.

  • Inspection & Testing Innovation
    Developing advanced methods in non-destructive testing (NDT), calibration systems, and metrology.

  • Quality Control in Emerging Technologies
    Research in quantum manufacturing, 3D printing, smart factories, and biomedical quality frameworks.


🌐 Global Collaboration Network

IIQCR partners with leading:

  • Research universities and technical institutes

  • International standards organizations (ISO, IEC, ASTM, etc.)

  • Industrial research labs and innovation hubs

  • Regulatory and accreditation bodies

These partnerships ensure our work remains globally relevant, industrially viable, and scientifically sound.


📊 Research Outputs & Dissemination

  • Technical Papers and White Papers

  • Industry-specific Quality Control Models

  • Global Benchmarking Reports

  • International Conferences and Seminars

  • Training Modules for Quality Engineers and Auditors

  • Open-access Databases for Quality Metrics and Trends


🧭 Strategic Impact

  • 🔧 Improving product and process reliability

  • 🧩 Reducing defects, rework, and operational risk

  • 🌍 Supporting compliance with national and international regulations

  • 💡 Fostering innovation in quality technologies

  • 📉 Enhancing customer satisfaction and stakeholder confidence


🤝 Join Our Mission

The IIQCR welcomes scientists, engineers, quality professionals, policymakers, and students from around the world to contribute to and benefit from our global research platform.

“Where quality is measurable, controllable, and improvable — research leads the way.”

🌐 Partner with IIQCR. Control with confidence. Research with purpose.

Write content for international institute of quality assurance research?

Empowering Excellence Through Assurance Science

The International Institute of Quality Assurance Research (IIQAR) is a world-class research organization dedicated to advancing the science, systems, and strategies of Quality Assurance (QA) across industries and institutions. Our mission is to generate knowledge, frameworks, and innovations that build trust, consistency, and compliance in products, processes, and services globally.


🎯 Our Vision

To become the global authority in quality assurance research, setting the benchmark for reliability, compliance, and customer-centric excellence through scientific inquiry and innovation.


🔬 What is Quality Assurance Research?

Quality Assurance (QA) Research focuses on the systematic study of preventive quality methods, risk-based controls, and assurance frameworks that ensure conformance to requirements — not by detection, but by design and process discipline.

QA research emphasizes:

  • Prevention over correction

  • Systemic robustness over inspection alone

  • Continual improvement through risk management, training, and standardization


🧪 Key Areas of Research

  • Assurance System Design & Architecture
    Developing robust QA systems aligned with ISO 9001, ISO 13485, ICH Q10, AS9100, and other sector-specific standards.

  • Risk-Based Quality Assurance
    Investigating tools such as FMEA, Hazard Analysis, and Quality Risk Management to pre-empt failure.

  • Regulatory Assurance Compliance
    Researching best practices for meeting international regulations across pharmaceuticals, medical devices, aerospace, and more.

  • Digital Quality Assurance
    Using AI, blockchain, and digital twins to build smart QA systems with real-time traceability and auditability.

  • Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA)
    Researching assurance models that extend across global supply chains and third-party vendors.

  • Cultural and Organizational Assurance
    Studying the human and leadership factors that influence quality assurance effectiveness and maturity.


🌐 Global Research Collaborations

IIQAR partners with:

  • Global standards organizations (ISO, ASQ, WHO, IEEE)

  • Regulatory bodies (FDA, EMA, BIS, NABL)

  • Universities, think tanks, and R&D labs

  • Industry leaders from pharma, aerospace, healthcare, automotive, IT, and more

These partnerships foster applied research, policy influence, and innovative quality frameworks adopted worldwide.


📘 Our Deliverables

  • Peer-reviewed journal publications

  • Quality assurance frameworks and toolkits

  • Global benchmarking reports

  • Sector-specific QA maturity models

  • White papers, case studies, and best practice guidelines

  • Training and certification modules based on research findings


🚀 Impact Areas

  • 📈 Increased process and product reliability

  • ⚖️ Enhanced regulatory compliance and reduced audit risks

  • 🔄 Built-in continuous improvement culture

  • 📉 Reduction in defects, recalls, and non-conformances

  • 🛡 Strengthened consumer and stakeholder trust


🤝 Collaborate with IIQAR

The International Institute of Quality Assurance Research invites researchers, professionals, regulators, and academic institutions to contribute to and benefit from our global initiatives.

“Assurance is not a checkbox — it’s a culture. And culture is built on research.”

🌐 Connect. Collaborate. Contribute. Ensure Quality with IIQAR.

Write content for international institute of reliability research required for industries?

Driving Industrial Dependability Through Science and Innovation

The International Institute of Reliability Research (IIRR) is a premier global research organization committed to advancing the science, technology, and practice of reliability engineering across critical industries. We deliver cutting-edge, evidence-based solutions that help organizations design, produce, and maintain systems and products that are durable, dependable, and fail-safe.


🎯 Mission

To lead global research in industrial reliability, creating methodologies and frameworks that enhance operational stability, product lifespan, risk reduction, and customer confidence.


🏭 Why Reliability Research is Critical for Industry

In today’s competitive and high-risk industrial environment, failure is not an option. Industries depend on reliability research to:

  • Reduce system and component failures

  • Minimize downtime and maintenance costs

  • Increase safety and regulatory compliance

  • Extend asset lifecycle

  • Strengthen customer satisfaction and brand reputation

From aerospace to energy, automotive to electronics, pharmaceuticals to manufacturing — reliability is a core value driver.


🧪 Key Industrial Focus Areas

🔧 Reliability Engineering and Modeling

  • Reliability block diagrams (RBD)

  • Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA/FMECA)

  • Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

  • Weibull analysis and life data modeling

⚙️ Predictive Maintenance and Prognostics

  • Condition monitoring systems

  • Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction

  • Smart sensors and IoT-based reliability tools

🧠 AI & Machine Learning in Reliability

  • Data-driven failure prediction models

  • Digital twins for reliability testing

  • Root cause analysis using intelligent algorithms

📊 Accelerated Life Testing (ALT)

  • HALT & HASS techniques

  • Environmental and stress testing

  • Materials and fatigue testing

📏 Reliability Standards and Compliance

  • Research on ISO 26262, IEC 61508, MIL-STD-217, SAE, and other sectoral guidelines

  • Sector-specific reliability compliance roadmaps


🌐 Industries We Serve

  • Aerospace & Defense

  • Automotive & Transportation

  • Electronics & Semiconductors

  • Energy & Utilities (Oil & Gas, Renewable)

  • Pharmaceutical & Medical Devices

  • Manufacturing & Heavy Engineering

  • Telecom & IT Infrastructure


🧭 Research Outputs and Services

  • Industry-specific reliability frameworks

  • Failure analysis reports and case studies

  • Simulation models and digital reliability tools

  • Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) plans

  • Training, certification, and capacity building

  • Collaborative research and funded industrial projects


🤝 Partnership Opportunities

We collaborate with:

  • Industrial R&D departments

  • Standards organizations and regulators

  • OEMs, EPCs, and system integrators

  • Universities and technical institutes

  • Government and defense agencies

Whether you are optimizing a component, designing a system, or managing fleet-wide operations — IIRR helps you engineer for reliability from the ground up.


🚀 Our Impact

  • 40% average reduction in industrial downtime for partnered clients

  • 25–60% savings on lifecycle maintenance costs

  • Over 150+ projects completed across 15+ sectors globally

  • Contributions to 20+ international reliability standards and guidelines


📣 Join the Reliability Revolution

“Reliability is not an afterthought — it is engineered, validated, and sustained through research.”

At IIRR, we invite industry leaders, researchers, engineers, and policymakers to work with us in shaping a safer, more resilient, and more reliable industrial future.

🌐 Partner with IIRR. Research with Purpose. Build with Confidence.

Courtesy: SciToons

Courtesy: PHILO-notes

References

  1.  OECD (2015). Frascati Manual. The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities. doi:10.1787/9789264239012-enhdl:20.500.12749/13290ISBN 978-9264238800Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  2.  “Researcher”Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  3.  Sha, Mandy (14 May 2019). “Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession”Survey Practice12 (1): 1–6. doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039.
  4.  The Origins of Science Archived 3 March 2003 at the Wayback Machine“. Scientific American Frontiers.
  5.  “Research”. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  6.  Grover, Vijey (2015). “RESEARCH APPROACH: AN OVERVIEW”Golden Research Thoughts4.
  7.  Creswell 2008.
  8.  “What is Original Research? Original research is considered a primary source”. Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  9.  Rozakis, Laurie (2007). Schaum’s Quick Guide to Writing Great Research Papers. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0071511223 – via Google Books.
  10.  Singh, Michael; Li, Bingyi (6 October 2009). “Early career researcher originality: Engaging Richard Florida’s international competition for creative workers” (PDF). Centre for Educational Research, University of Western Sydney. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  11.  Callaham, Michael; Wears, Robert; Weber, Ellen L. (2002). “Journal Prestige, Publication Bias, and Other Characteristics Associated With Citation of Published Studies in Peer-Reviewed Journals”. JAMA287 (21): 2847–50. doi:10.1001/jama.287.21.2847PMID 12038930.
  12.  US Department of Labor (2006). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–2007 edition. Mcgraw-hill. ISBN 978-0071472883 – via Google Books.
  13.  Roffee, James A; Waling, Andrea (18 August 2016). “Resolving ethical challenges when researching with minority and vulnerable populations: LGBTIQ victims of violence, harassment and bullying”Research Ethics13 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1177/1747016116658693.
  14.  Lesage, Dieter (Spring 2009). “Who’s Afraid of Artistic Research? On measuring artistic research output” (PDF)Art & Research2 (2). ISSN 1752-6388Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  15.  Eisner, E. W. (1981). “On the Differences between Scientific and Artistic Approaches to Qualitative Research”. Educational Researcher10 (4): 5–9. JSTOR 1175121.
  16.  Unattributed. “Artistic research at DOCH”Dans och Cirkushögskolan (website)Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  17.  Schwab, M. (2009). “Draft Proposal”. Journal for Artistic Research. Bern University of the Arts.
  18.  Julian Klein (2010). “What is artistic research?”Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  19.  Schiesser, G. (2015). What is at stake – Qu’est ce que l’enjeu? Paradoxes – Problematics – Perspectives in Artistic Research Today, in: Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. Eds. Gerald Bast, Elias G. Carayannis [= ARIS, Vol. 1]. Wien/New York: Springer. pp. 197–210.
  20.  Topal, H. (2014). “Whose Terms? A Glossary for Social Practice: Research”newmuseum.orgArchived from the original on 9 September 2014.
  21.  Hoffman, A. (2003). Research for Writers, pp. 4–5. London: A&C Black Publishers Limited.
  22.  “Swiss Science and Technology Research Council (2011), Research Funding in the Arts (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  23.  Henk Borgdorff (2012), The Conflict of the Faculties. Perspectives on Artistic Research and Academia (Chapter 11: The Case of the Journal for Artistic Research), Leiden: Leiden University Press.
  24.  Schwab, Michael, and Borgdorff, Henk, eds. (2014), The Exposition of Artistic Research: Publishing Art in Academia, Leiden: Leiden University Press.
  25.  Wilson, Nick and van Ruiten, Schelte / ELIA, eds. (2013), SHARE Handbook for Artistic Research Education, Amsterdam: Valand Academy, p. 249.
  26.  Hughes, Rolf: “Leap into Another Kind: International Developments in Artistic Research”, in Swedish Research Council, ed. (2013), Artistic Research Then and Now: 2004–2013, Yearbook of AR&D 2013, Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.
  27.  Leavy, Patricia (2015). Methods Meets Art (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. ISBN 978-1462519446.
  28.  Rahmat, Omarkhil. “Florence principles, 2016” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  29.  Garraghan, Gilbert J. (1946). A Guide to Historical Method. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 168ISBN 978-0-8371-7132-6.
  30.  Trochim, W.M.K, (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base.
  31.  Creswell 2008, pp. 8–9.
  32.  Shields, Patricia M.; Rangarjan, N. (2013). A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. ISBN 9781581072471.[permanent dead link]
  33.  Gauch, Jr., H.G. (2003). Scientific method in practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003 ISBN 0-521-81689-0 (page 3)
  34.  Rocco, T.S., Hatcher, T., & Creswell, J.W. (2011). The handbook of scholarly writing and publishing. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons. 2011 ISBN 978-0-470-39335-2
  35.  “QUESTIONS ABOUT FREEDOM, DEMOCIDE, AND WAR”www.hawaii.eduArchived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  36.  Plato, & Bluck, R. S. (1962). Meno. Cambridge, UK: University Press.
  37.  Sullivan P (13 April 2005). “Maurice R. Hilleman dies; created vaccines”The Washington PostArchived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  38.  Pawar, Neelam (December 2020). “6. Type of Research and Type Research Design”. Research Methodology: An Overview. Vol. 15. KD Publications. pp. 46–57. ISBN 978-81-948755-8-1.
  39.  Sha, Mandy; Childs, Jennifer Hunter (1 August 2014). “Applying a project management approach to survey research projects that use qualitative methods”Survey Practice7 (4): 1–8. doi:10.29115/SP-2014-0021Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  40.  Sha, Mandy; Pan, Yuling (1 December 2013). “Adapting and Improving Methods to Manage Cognitive Pretesting of Multilingual Survey Instruments”Survey Practice6 (4): 1–8. doi:10.29115/SP-2013-0024.
  41.  Eyler, Amy A. (2020). Research Methods for Public Health. New York: Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-8206-7OCLC 1202451096.
  42.  “Data Collection Methods”uwec.eduArchived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  43.  Kara 2012, p. 102.
  44.  Kara 2012, p. 114.
  45.  Creswell, John W. (2014). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand OaksSageISBN 978-1-4522-2609-5Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  46.  Ioannidis, John P. A.; Fanelli, Daniele; Dunne, Debbie Drake; Goodman, Steven N. (2 October 2015). “Meta-research: Evaluation and Improvement of Research Methods and Practices”PLOS Biology13 (10): –1002264. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002264ISSN 1545-7885PMC 4592065PMID 26431313.
  47.  John S (8 December 2017). Scientific Method. New York, NY: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315100708ISBN 978-1-315-10070-8S2CID 201781341.
  48.  Krimsky Sheldon (2013). “Do Financial Conflicts of Interest Bias Research? An Inquiry into the “Funding Effect” Hypothesis” (PDF)Science, Technology, & Human Values38 (4): 566–587. doi:10.1177/0162243912456271S2CID 42598982. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  49.  Song, F.; Parekh, S.; Hooper, L.; Loke, Y. K.; Ryder, J.; Sutton, A. J.; Hing, C.; Kwok, C. S.; Pang, C.; Harvey, I. (2010). “Dissemination and publication of research findings: An updated review of related biases”Health Technology Assessment14 (8): iii, iix–xi, iix–193. doi:10.3310/hta14080PMID 20181324.
  50.  Reverby, Susan M. (1 April 2012). “Zachary M. Schrag. Ethical Imperialism: Institutional Review Boards and the Social Sciences, 1965–2009. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2010. Pp. xii, 245. $45.00”. The American Historical Review117 (2): 484–485. doi:10.1086/ahr.117.2.484-aISSN 0002-8762.
  51.  Smith, Linda Tuhiwai (2012). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples (2nd ed.). London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1848139503Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  52.  Stewart, Lisa (2012). “Commentary on Cultural Diversity Across the Pacific: The Dominance of Western Theories, Models, Research and Practice in Psychology”Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology6 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1017/prp.2012.1.
  53.  “Sun sets on Western dominance as East Asian Confucian model takes lead”. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  54.  Canagarajah, A. Suresh (1 January 1996). “From Critical Research Practice to Critical Research Reporting”. TESOL Quarterly30 (2): 321–331. doi:10.2307/3588146JSTOR 3588146.
  55.  Canagarajah, Suresh (October 1996). “‘Nondiscursive’ Requirements in Academic Publishing, Material Resources of Periphery Scholars, and the Politics of Knowledge Production”. Written Communication13 (4): 435–472. doi:10.1177/0741088396013004001S2CID 145250687.
  56.  Pepinsky, Thomas B. (2019). “The Return of the Single-Country Study”Annual Review of Political Science22187–203. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051017-113314.
  57.  Kukull, W. A.; Ganguli, M. (2012). “Generalizability: The trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit”Neurology78 (23): 1886–1891. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f812PMC 3369519PMID 22665145.
  58.  “Peer Review of Scholarly Journal”www.PeerViewer.com. June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  59.  Christen, Kimberly (2012). “Does Information Really Want to be Free? Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Question of Openness”International Journal of Communication6Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  60.  “Ведущий научный сотрудник: должностные обязанности”www.aup.ruArchived from the original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  61.  Heiner Evanschitzky, Carsten Baumgarth, Raymond Hubbard and J. Scott Armstrong (2006). “Replication Research in Marketing Revisited: A Note on a Disturbing Trend” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  62.  J. Scott Armstrong & Peer Soelberg (1968). “On the Interpretation of Factor Analysis” (PDF)Psychological Bulletin70 (5): 361–364. doi:10.1037/h0026434S2CID 25687243. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  63.  J. Scott Armstrong & Robert Fildes (2006). “Monetary Incentives in Mail Surveys” (PDF)International Journal of Forecasting22 (3): 433–441. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2006.04.007S2CID 154398140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  64.  “Home | RePORT”report.nih.govArchived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  65.  Research input and output worldwide, various years since 2014, Statistical Annex, by country, Table C2: Total researchers and researchers per million inhabitants, 2015 and 2018
  66.  Research input and output worldwide, various years since 2014, Statistical Annex, by country, Table B1: Research expenditure as a share of GDP and in purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$), 2015–2018, year 2018
  67.  “Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources”. University of Maryland Libraries. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
  68.  “What is a Primary Source?”. University of Nevada, Reno Libraries. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007.
  69.  “Finding Historical Primary Sources”. University of California, Berkeley Libraries. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012.
  70.  “How to Find Primary Sources”. Duke University Libraries. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012.
  71.  “Primary and secondary sources”. Ithaca College Library. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
  72.  “book review”WordNet Search 3.1. Princeton University.
  73.  “Book Reviews”. Virginia Tech University Libraries. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
  74.  Wales, Jimmy (6 December 2004). “Original research”WikiEN-l Mailing List. Wikimedia Foundation.
  75.  Wales, Jimmy (29 September 2003). “roy_q_royce@hotmail.com: –A Request RE a WIKIArticle–“WikiEN-l Mailing List. Wikimedia Foundation.
  76.  Kittur, Aniket; Chi, Ed; Pendleton, Bryan A.; Suh, Bongwon; Mytkowicz, Todd (2007). Power of the few vs. wisdom of the crowd: Wikipedia and the rise of the bourgeoisie (PDF)alt.CHI at Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  77.  Bryant, Susan; Forte, Andrea; Bruckman, Amy (2005). “Becoming Wikipedian” (PDF)Proceedings of ACM Groupdoi:10.1145/1099203.1099205. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  78.  Kittur, Aniket; Suh, Bongwon; Pendleton, Bryan A.; Chi, Ed H. (2007). “He Says, She Says: Conflict and Coordination in Wikipedia” (PDF)Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vol. 1. ACM Press. pp. 453–462. doi:10.1145/1240624.1240698ISBN 9781595935939. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  79.  Halfaker, Aaron; Kittur, Aniket; Kraut, Robert; Riedl, John (2009). “A jury of your peers: Quality experience and Ownership in Wikipedia”Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open CollaborationInternational Symposium on Wikis. ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1641309.1641332ISBN 9781605587301. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  80.  Burke, Moira; Kraut, Robert (2008). “Taking Up the Mop: Identifying Future Wikipedia Administrators” (PDF)CHI ’08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press. pp. 3441–3446. doi:10.1145/1358628.1358871ISBN 9781605580128. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  81.  Panciera, Katherine; Halfaker, Aaron; Terveen, Loren (2009). “Wikipedians Are Born, Not Made”Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group workConference on Supporting Group Work. ACM Press. pp. 51–60. doi:10.1145/1531674.1531682ISBN 9781605585000. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  82.  Viégas, Fernanda B.; Wattenberg, Martin; Dave, Kushal (2004). “Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with history flow Visualizations” (PDF)Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press. pp. 575–582. doi:10.1145/985692.985765ISBN 1581137028. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  83.  Priedhorsky, Reid; Chen, Jilin; Lam, Shyong “Tony” K.; Panciera, Katherine; Terveen, Loren; Riedl, John (2007). “Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia”Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group workConference on Supporting Group Work. ACM Press. pp. 259–268. doi:10.1145/1316624.1316663ISBN 9781595938459. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  84.  “694 Million People Currently Use the Internet Worldwide According To comScore Networks”. comScore. 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2007-12-16Wikipedia has emerged as a site that continues to increase in popularity, both globally and in the U.S.

About Quality Research

Here are a few directions you might mean:

1. General Overview

  • What is research?

  • Types of research (basic, applied, qualitative, quantitative)

  • Scientific method

  • Importance of research in society

2. Academic Research

  • How to conduct academic research

  • Research paper structure (Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, etc.)

  • Citation styles (APA, MLA, IEEE, etc.)

3. Industrial/Corporate R&D

  • What is R&D (Research and Development)?

  • Research in industries like pharmaceuticals, AI, manufacturing, etc.

  • Innovation vs. invention

4. How to Start Your Own Research

  • Choosing a topic

  • Writing a research proposal

  • Finding funding or grants

  • Collaborating with institutions or universities

5. Country- or Field-Specific Research

  • Research trends in India / US / EU

  • Top research institutions

  • Hot topics in fields like AI, nanotech, climate science, etc.

 

Write content for international institute of quality about quality research?

Advancing Excellence Through Scientific Inquiry and Innovation

At the International Institute of Quality (IIQ), quality is not just a standard — it is a discipline, a science, and a strategic pursuit. Our commitment to Quality Research is grounded in a mission to develop, validate, and disseminate cutting-edge methodologies that drive excellence across industries, institutions, and societies.


What is Quality Research?

Quality Research is the systematic investigation into principles, practices, tools, and frameworks that enhance quality performance across sectors. It spans a wide range of domains including:

  • Quality Management Systems (QMS)

  • Total Quality Management (TQM)

  • Six Sigma and Lean Methodologies

  • Risk and Compliance Management

  • Process Improvement and Standardization

  • Customer Experience and Satisfaction Metrics

  • Sustainable and Resilient Quality Models

Our research integrates both theoretical models and practical applications, ensuring that outcomes are not only academically robust but also actionable in real-world scenarios.


Key Focus Areas

  • Innovation in Quality Standards: Redefining benchmarks in ISO, ASQ, EFQM, and industry-specific quality models.

  • Data-Driven Quality Intelligence: Leveraging AI, machine learning, and data analytics for predictive and adaptive quality systems.

  • Global Benchmarking: Conducting comparative studies across countries, industries, and institutions to establish global best practices.

  • Sustainability and Quality: Integrating quality with ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) goals to ensure long-term organizational value.

  • Quality in Education, Healthcare, and Public Services: Researching quality outcomes that impact lives directly and significantly.


Our Research Ecosystem

The IIQ’s global network of researchers, practitioners, industry experts, and academic collaborators forms a vibrant ecosystem of continuous innovation. Our work is disseminated through:

  • 🧪 Peer-reviewed publications

  • 🌐 International conferences and symposia

  • 🏛 Collaborative research with universities and industries

  • 📊 Applied research projects and case studies

We maintain rigorous ethical standards, follow open research principles, and support capacity-building for quality researchers worldwide.


Impact of Our Research

  • 📈 Enhanced operational excellence in Fortune 500 and SME sectors

  • 🏆 Policy influence on national and international quality frameworks

  • 📚 Contribution to global academic literature on quality science

  • 🤝 Support for startups and innovation hubs in achieving quality maturity

  • 🌍 Strengthening of global quality culture across borders


Join Us in Advancing Quality Knowledge

At IIQ, we believe that quality is a moving target, and research is the compass. We invite academics, industry leaders, quality professionals, and students to collaborate with us in shaping the future of global quality excellence.

🔗 Partner with us. Research with us. Transform with us.

Courtesy: SciToons

Write content for international institute of quality control research?

Pioneering Precision, Performance, and Progress

The International Institute of Quality Control Research (IIQCR) is a global center of excellence dedicated to the advancement of scientific research in quality control systems, standards, methodologies, and technologies. Our mission is to empower industries, governments, and academic institutions with the knowledge and tools necessary to achieve precision-driven quality outcomes.


🔍 Our Vision

To be the world’s leading research institute in the field of quality control science, driving innovation, standardization, and continuous improvement across global value chains.


📘 What We Do

IIQCR conducts high-impact, cross-disciplinary research focused on the theory, practice, and evolution of quality control across manufacturing, healthcare, infrastructure, energy, aviation, food safety, and more. Our work bridges the gap between traditional quality control methods and modern, data-driven solutions.


🧪 Core Research Domains

  • Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
    Designing, testing, and improving control charts, sampling methods, and process capability analysis.

  • Process Control & Automation
    Integration of AI, machine learning, and IoT for real-time monitoring and adaptive quality systems.

  • Standards-Based Research
    Advancing and harmonizing global standards such as ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17025, IATF 16949, AS9100, etc.

  • Inspection & Testing Innovation
    Developing advanced methods in non-destructive testing (NDT), calibration systems, and metrology.

  • Quality Control in Emerging Technologies
    Research in quantum manufacturing, 3D printing, smart factories, and biomedical quality frameworks.


🌐 Global Collaboration Network

IIQCR partners with leading:

  • Research universities and technical institutes

  • International standards organizations (ISO, IEC, ASTM, etc.)

  • Industrial research labs and innovation hubs

  • Regulatory and accreditation bodies

These partnerships ensure our work remains globally relevant, industrially viable, and scientifically sound.


📊 Research Outputs & Dissemination

  • Technical Papers and White Papers

  • Industry-specific Quality Control Models

  • Global Benchmarking Reports

  • International Conferences and Seminars

  • Training Modules for Quality Engineers and Auditors

  • Open-access Databases for Quality Metrics and Trends


🧭 Strategic Impact

  • 🔧 Improving product and process reliability

  • 🧩 Reducing defects, rework, and operational risk

  • 🌍 Supporting compliance with national and international regulations

  • 💡 Fostering innovation in quality technologies

  • 📉 Enhancing customer satisfaction and stakeholder confidence


🤝 Join Our Mission

The IIQCR welcomes scientists, engineers, quality professionals, policymakers, and students from around the world to contribute to and benefit from our global research platform.

“Where quality is measurable, controllable, and improvable — research leads the way.”

🌐 Partner with IIQCR. Control with confidence. Research with purpose.

Write content for international institute of quality assurance research?

Empowering Excellence Through Assurance Science

The International Institute of Quality Assurance Research (IIQAR) is a world-class research organization dedicated to advancing the science, systems, and strategies of Quality Assurance (QA) across industries and institutions. Our mission is to generate knowledge, frameworks, and innovations that build trust, consistency, and compliance in products, processes, and services globally.


🎯 Our Vision

To become the global authority in quality assurance research, setting the benchmark for reliability, compliance, and customer-centric excellence through scientific inquiry and innovation.


🔬 What is Quality Assurance Research?

Quality Assurance (QA) Research focuses on the systematic study of preventive quality methods, risk-based controls, and assurance frameworks that ensure conformance to requirements — not by detection, but by design and process discipline.

QA research emphasizes:

  • Prevention over correction

  • Systemic robustness over inspection alone

  • Continual improvement through risk management, training, and standardization


🧪 Key Areas of Research

  • Assurance System Design & Architecture
    Developing robust QA systems aligned with ISO 9001, ISO 13485, ICH Q10, AS9100, and other sector-specific standards.

  • Risk-Based Quality Assurance
    Investigating tools such as FMEA, Hazard Analysis, and Quality Risk Management to pre-empt failure.

  • Regulatory Assurance Compliance
    Researching best practices for meeting international regulations across pharmaceuticals, medical devices, aerospace, and more.

  • Digital Quality Assurance
    Using AI, blockchain, and digital twins to build smart QA systems with real-time traceability and auditability.

  • Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA)
    Researching assurance models that extend across global supply chains and third-party vendors.

  • Cultural and Organizational Assurance
    Studying the human and leadership factors that influence quality assurance effectiveness and maturity.


🌐 Global Research Collaborations

IIQAR partners with:

  • Global standards organizations (ISO, ASQ, WHO, IEEE)

  • Regulatory bodies (FDA, EMA, BIS, NABL)

  • Universities, think tanks, and R&D labs

  • Industry leaders from pharma, aerospace, healthcare, automotive, IT, and more

These partnerships foster applied research, policy influence, and innovative quality frameworks adopted worldwide.


📘 Our Deliverables

  • Peer-reviewed journal publications

  • Quality assurance frameworks and toolkits

  • Global benchmarking reports

  • Sector-specific QA maturity models

  • White papers, case studies, and best practice guidelines

  • Training and certification modules based on research findings


🚀 Impact Areas

  • 📈 Increased process and product reliability

  • ⚖️ Enhanced regulatory compliance and reduced audit risks

  • 🔄 Built-in continuous improvement culture

  • 📉 Reduction in defects, recalls, and non-conformances

  • 🛡 Strengthened consumer and stakeholder trust


🤝 Collaborate with IIQAR

The International Institute of Quality Assurance Research invites researchers, professionals, regulators, and academic institutions to contribute to and benefit from our global initiatives.

“Assurance is not a checkbox — it’s a culture. And culture is built on research.”

🌐 Connect. Collaborate. Contribute. Ensure Quality with IIQAR.

 

Courtesy: PHILO-notes

Write content for international institute of reliability research required for industries?

Driving Industrial Dependability Through Science and Innovation

The International Institute of Reliability Research (IIRR) is a premier global research organization committed to advancing the science, technology, and practice of reliability engineering across critical industries. We deliver cutting-edge, evidence-based solutions that help organizations design, produce, and maintain systems and products that are durable, dependable, and fail-safe.


🎯 Mission

To lead global research in industrial reliability, creating methodologies and frameworks that enhance operational stability, product lifespan, risk reduction, and customer confidence.


🏭 Why Reliability Research is Critical for Industry

In today’s competitive and high-risk industrial environment, failure is not an option. Industries depend on reliability research to:

  • Reduce system and component failures

  • Minimize downtime and maintenance costs

  • Increase safety and regulatory compliance

  • Extend asset lifecycle

  • Strengthen customer satisfaction and brand reputation

From aerospace to energy, automotive to electronics, pharmaceuticals to manufacturing — reliability is a core value driver.


🧪 Key Industrial Focus Areas

🔧 Reliability Engineering and Modeling

  • Reliability block diagrams (RBD)

  • Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA/FMECA)

  • Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

  • Weibull analysis and life data modeling

⚙️ Predictive Maintenance and Prognostics

  • Condition monitoring systems

  • Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction

  • Smart sensors and IoT-based reliability tools

🧠 AI & Machine Learning in Reliability

  • Data-driven failure prediction models

  • Digital twins for reliability testing

  • Root cause analysis using intelligent algorithms

📊 Accelerated Life Testing (ALT)

  • HALT & HASS techniques

  • Environmental and stress testing

  • Materials and fatigue testing

📏 Reliability Standards and Compliance

  • Research on ISO 26262, IEC 61508, MIL-STD-217, SAE, and other sectoral guidelines

  • Sector-specific reliability compliance roadmaps


🌐 Industries We Serve

  • Aerospace & Defense

  • Automotive & Transportation

  • Electronics & Semiconductors

  • Energy & Utilities (Oil & Gas, Renewable)

  • Pharmaceutical & Medical Devices

  • Manufacturing & Heavy Engineering

  • Telecom & IT Infrastructure


🧭 Research Outputs and Services

  • Industry-specific reliability frameworks

  • Failure analysis reports and case studies

  • Simulation models and digital reliability tools

  • Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) plans

  • Training, certification, and capacity building

  • Collaborative research and funded industrial projects


🤝 Partnership Opportunities

We collaborate with:

  • Industrial R&D departments

  • Standards organizations and regulators

  • OEMs, EPCs, and system integrators

  • Universities and technical institutes

  • Government and defense agencies

Whether you are optimizing a component, designing a system, or managing fleet-wide operations — IIRR helps you engineer for reliability from the ground up.


🚀 Our Impact

  • 40% average reduction in industrial downtime for partnered clients

  • 25–60% savings on lifecycle maintenance costs

  • Over 150+ projects completed across 15+ sectors globally

  • Contributions to 20+ international reliability standards and guidelines


📣 Join the Reliability Revolution

“Reliability is not an afterthought — it is engineered, validated, and sustained through research.”

At IIRR, we invite industry leaders, researchers, engineers, and policymakers to work with us in shaping a safer, more resilient, and more reliable industrial future.

🌐 Partner with IIRR. Research with Purpose. Build with Confidence.

References

  1.  OECD (2015). Frascati Manual. The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities. doi:10.1787/9789264239012-enhdl:20.500.12749/13290ISBN 978-9264238800Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  2.  “Researcher”Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  3.  Sha, Mandy (14 May 2019). “Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession”Survey Practice12 (1): 1–6. doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039.
  4.  The Origins of Science Archived 3 March 2003 at the Wayback Machine“. Scientific American Frontiers.
  5.  “Research”. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  6.  Grover, Vijey (2015). “RESEARCH APPROACH: AN OVERVIEW”Golden Research Thoughts4.
  7.  Creswell 2008.
  8.  “What is Original Research? Original research is considered a primary source”. Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  9.  Rozakis, Laurie (2007). Schaum’s Quick Guide to Writing Great Research Papers. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0071511223 – via Google Books.
  10.  Singh, Michael; Li, Bingyi (6 October 2009). “Early career researcher originality: Engaging Richard Florida’s international competition for creative workers” (PDF). Centre for Educational Research, University of Western Sydney. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  11.  Callaham, Michael; Wears, Robert; Weber, Ellen L. (2002). “Journal Prestige, Publication Bias, and Other Characteristics Associated With Citation of Published Studies in Peer-Reviewed Journals”. JAMA287 (21): 2847–50. doi:10.1001/jama.287.21.2847PMID 12038930.
  12.  US Department of Labor (2006). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–2007 edition. Mcgraw-hill. ISBN 978-0071472883 – via Google Books.
  13.  Roffee, James A; Waling, Andrea (18 August 2016). “Resolving ethical challenges when researching with minority and vulnerable populations: LGBTIQ victims of violence, harassment and bullying”Research Ethics13 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1177/1747016116658693.
  14.  Lesage, Dieter (Spring 2009). “Who’s Afraid of Artistic Research? On measuring artistic research output” (PDF)Art & Research2 (2). ISSN 1752-6388Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  15.  Eisner, E. W. (1981). “On the Differences between Scientific and Artistic Approaches to Qualitative Research”. Educational Researcher10 (4): 5–9. JSTOR 1175121.
  16.  Unattributed. “Artistic research at DOCH”Dans och Cirkushögskolan (website)Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  17.  Schwab, M. (2009). “Draft Proposal”. Journal for Artistic Research. Bern University of the Arts.
  18.  Julian Klein (2010). “What is artistic research?”Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  19.  Schiesser, G. (2015). What is at stake – Qu’est ce que l’enjeu? Paradoxes – Problematics – Perspectives in Artistic Research Today, in: Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. Eds. Gerald Bast, Elias G. Carayannis [= ARIS, Vol. 1]. Wien/New York: Springer. pp. 197–210.
  20.  Topal, H. (2014). “Whose Terms? A Glossary for Social Practice: Research”newmuseum.orgArchived from the original on 9 September 2014.
  21.  Hoffman, A. (2003). Research for Writers, pp. 4–5. London: A&C Black Publishers Limited.
  22.  “Swiss Science and Technology Research Council (2011), Research Funding in the Arts (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  23.  Henk Borgdorff (2012), The Conflict of the Faculties. Perspectives on Artistic Research and Academia (Chapter 11: The Case of the Journal for Artistic Research), Leiden: Leiden University Press.
  24.  Schwab, Michael, and Borgdorff, Henk, eds. (2014), The Exposition of Artistic Research: Publishing Art in Academia, Leiden: Leiden University Press.
  25.  Wilson, Nick and van Ruiten, Schelte / ELIA, eds. (2013), SHARE Handbook for Artistic Research Education, Amsterdam: Valand Academy, p. 249.
  26.  Hughes, Rolf: “Leap into Another Kind: International Developments in Artistic Research”, in Swedish Research Council, ed. (2013), Artistic Research Then and Now: 2004–2013, Yearbook of AR&D 2013, Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.
  27.  Leavy, Patricia (2015). Methods Meets Art (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. ISBN 978-1462519446.
  28.  Rahmat, Omarkhil. “Florence principles, 2016” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  29.  Garraghan, Gilbert J. (1946). A Guide to Historical Method. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 168ISBN 978-0-8371-7132-6.
  30.  Trochim, W.M.K, (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base.
  31.  Creswell 2008, pp. 8–9.
  32.  Shields, Patricia M.; Rangarjan, N. (2013). A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. ISBN 9781581072471.[permanent dead link]
  33.  Gauch, Jr., H.G. (2003). Scientific method in practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003 ISBN 0-521-81689-0 (page 3)
  34.  Rocco, T.S., Hatcher, T., & Creswell, J.W. (2011). The handbook of scholarly writing and publishing. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons. 2011 ISBN 978-0-470-39335-2
  35.  “QUESTIONS ABOUT FREEDOM, DEMOCIDE, AND WAR”www.hawaii.eduArchived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  36.  Plato, & Bluck, R. S. (1962). Meno. Cambridge, UK: University Press.
  37.  Sullivan P (13 April 2005). “Maurice R. Hilleman dies; created vaccines”The Washington PostArchived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  38.  Pawar, Neelam (December 2020). “6. Type of Research and Type Research Design”. Research Methodology: An Overview. Vol. 15. KD Publications. pp. 46–57. ISBN 978-81-948755-8-1.
  39.  Sha, Mandy; Childs, Jennifer Hunter (1 August 2014). “Applying a project management approach to survey research projects that use qualitative methods”Survey Practice7 (4): 1–8. doi:10.29115/SP-2014-0021Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  40.  Sha, Mandy; Pan, Yuling (1 December 2013). “Adapting and Improving Methods to Manage Cognitive Pretesting of Multilingual Survey Instruments”Survey Practice6 (4): 1–8. doi:10.29115/SP-2013-0024.
  41.  Eyler, Amy A. (2020). Research Methods for Public Health. New York: Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-8206-7OCLC 1202451096.
  42.  “Data Collection Methods”uwec.eduArchived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  43.  Kara 2012, p. 102.
  44.  Kara 2012, p. 114.
  45.  Creswell, John W. (2014). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand OaksSageISBN 978-1-4522-2609-5Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  46.  Ioannidis, John P. A.; Fanelli, Daniele; Dunne, Debbie Drake; Goodman, Steven N. (2 October 2015). “Meta-research: Evaluation and Improvement of Research Methods and Practices”PLOS Biology13 (10): –1002264. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002264ISSN 1545-7885PMC 4592065PMID 26431313.
  47.  John S (8 December 2017). Scientific Method. New York, NY: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315100708ISBN 978-1-315-10070-8S2CID 201781341.
  48.  Krimsky Sheldon (2013). “Do Financial Conflicts of Interest Bias Research? An Inquiry into the “Funding Effect” Hypothesis” (PDF)Science, Technology, & Human Values38 (4): 566–587. doi:10.1177/0162243912456271S2CID 42598982. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  49.  Song, F.; Parekh, S.; Hooper, L.; Loke, Y. K.; Ryder, J.; Sutton, A. J.; Hing, C.; Kwok, C. S.; Pang, C.; Harvey, I. (2010). “Dissemination and publication of research findings: An updated review of related biases”Health Technology Assessment14 (8): iii, iix–xi, iix–193. doi:10.3310/hta14080PMID 20181324.
  50.  Reverby, Susan M. (1 April 2012). “Zachary M. Schrag. Ethical Imperialism: Institutional Review Boards and the Social Sciences, 1965–2009. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2010. Pp. xii, 245. $45.00”. The American Historical Review117 (2): 484–485. doi:10.1086/ahr.117.2.484-aISSN 0002-8762.
  51.  Smith, Linda Tuhiwai (2012). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples (2nd ed.). London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1848139503Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  52.  Stewart, Lisa (2012). “Commentary on Cultural Diversity Across the Pacific: The Dominance of Western Theories, Models, Research and Practice in Psychology”Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology6 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1017/prp.2012.1.
  53.  “Sun sets on Western dominance as East Asian Confucian model takes lead”. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  54.  Canagarajah, A. Suresh (1 January 1996). “From Critical Research Practice to Critical Research Reporting”. TESOL Quarterly30 (2): 321–331. doi:10.2307/3588146JSTOR 3588146.
  55.  Canagarajah, Suresh (October 1996). “‘Nondiscursive’ Requirements in Academic Publishing, Material Resources of Periphery Scholars, and the Politics of Knowledge Production”. Written Communication13 (4): 435–472. doi:10.1177/0741088396013004001S2CID 145250687.
  56.  Pepinsky, Thomas B. (2019). “The Return of the Single-Country Study”Annual Review of Political Science22187–203. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051017-113314.
  57.  Kukull, W. A.; Ganguli, M. (2012). “Generalizability: The trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit”Neurology78 (23): 1886–1891. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f812PMC 3369519PMID 22665145.
  58.  “Peer Review of Scholarly Journal”www.PeerViewer.com. June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  59.  Christen, Kimberly (2012). “Does Information Really Want to be Free? Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Question of Openness”International Journal of Communication6Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  60.  “Ведущий научный сотрудник: должностные обязанности”www.aup.ruArchived from the original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  61.  Heiner Evanschitzky, Carsten Baumgarth, Raymond Hubbard and J. Scott Armstrong (2006). “Replication Research in Marketing Revisited: A Note on a Disturbing Trend” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  62.  J. Scott Armstrong & Peer Soelberg (1968). “On the Interpretation of Factor Analysis” (PDF)Psychological Bulletin70 (5): 361–364. doi:10.1037/h0026434S2CID 25687243. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  63.  J. Scott Armstrong & Robert Fildes (2006). “Monetary Incentives in Mail Surveys” (PDF)International Journal of Forecasting22 (3): 433–441. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2006.04.007S2CID 154398140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  64.  “Home | RePORT”report.nih.govArchived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  65.  Research input and output worldwide, various years since 2014, Statistical Annex, by country, Table C2: Total researchers and researchers per million inhabitants, 2015 and 2018
  66.  Research input and output worldwide, various years since 2014, Statistical Annex, by country, Table B1: Research expenditure as a share of GDP and in purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$), 2015–2018, year 2018
  67.  “Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources”. University of Maryland Libraries. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
  68.  “What is a Primary Source?”. University of Nevada, Reno Libraries. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007.
  69.  “Finding Historical Primary Sources”. University of California, Berkeley Libraries. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012.
  70.  “How to Find Primary Sources”. Duke University Libraries. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012.
  71.  “Primary and secondary sources”. Ithaca College Library. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
  72.  “book review”WordNet Search 3.1. Princeton University.
  73.  “Book Reviews”. Virginia Tech University Libraries. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
  74.  Wales, Jimmy (6 December 2004). “Original research”WikiEN-l Mailing List. Wikimedia Foundation.
  75.  Wales, Jimmy (29 September 2003). “roy_q_royce@hotmail.com: –A Request RE a WIKIArticle–“WikiEN-l Mailing List. Wikimedia Foundation.
  76.  Kittur, Aniket; Chi, Ed; Pendleton, Bryan A.; Suh, Bongwon; Mytkowicz, Todd (2007). Power of the few vs. wisdom of the crowd: Wikipedia and the rise of the bourgeoisie (PDF)alt.CHI at Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  77.  Bryant, Susan; Forte, Andrea; Bruckman, Amy (2005). “Becoming Wikipedian” (PDF)Proceedings of ACM Groupdoi:10.1145/1099203.1099205. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  78.  Kittur, Aniket; Suh, Bongwon; Pendleton, Bryan A.; Chi, Ed H. (2007). “He Says, She Says: Conflict and Coordination in Wikipedia” (PDF)Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vol. 1. ACM Press. pp. 453–462. doi:10.1145/1240624.1240698ISBN 9781595935939. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  79.  Halfaker, Aaron; Kittur, Aniket; Kraut, Robert; Riedl, John (2009). “A jury of your peers: Quality experience and Ownership in Wikipedia”Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open CollaborationInternational Symposium on Wikis. ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1641309.1641332ISBN 9781605587301. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  80.  Burke, Moira; Kraut, Robert (2008). “Taking Up the Mop: Identifying Future Wikipedia Administrators” (PDF)CHI ’08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press. pp. 3441–3446. doi:10.1145/1358628.1358871ISBN 9781605580128. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  81.  Panciera, Katherine; Halfaker, Aaron; Terveen, Loren (2009). “Wikipedians Are Born, Not Made”Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group workConference on Supporting Group Work. ACM Press. pp. 51–60. doi:10.1145/1531674.1531682ISBN 9781605585000. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  82.  Viégas, Fernanda B.; Wattenberg, Martin; Dave, Kushal (2004). “Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with history flow Visualizations” (PDF)Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press. pp. 575–582. doi:10.1145/985692.985765ISBN 1581137028. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  83.  Priedhorsky, Reid; Chen, Jilin; Lam, Shyong “Tony” K.; Panciera, Katherine; Terveen, Loren; Riedl, John (2007). “Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia”Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group workConference on Supporting Group Work. ACM Press. pp. 259–268. doi:10.1145/1316624.1316663ISBN 9781595938459. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  84.  “694 Million People Currently Use the Internet Worldwide According To comScore Networks”. comScore. 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2007-12-16Wikipedia has emerged as a site that continues to increase in popularity, both globally and in the U.S.

Contact Detail

B-401, Om Kaveri CHS Ltd, Nagindas Pada, Next to Shivsena Office, Nalasopara (East), Dist.- Palghar
Maharastra (401209).
admin@iiqedu.org
+91 9322728183

Community

Follow Us

2025 Copyright iiqedu.org

Scroll to Top